The development of lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS), or "killer robots," is a major topic of debate in AI.
Key Arguments and Drivers
Proponents argue that wars fought by machines could be more humane and reduce human rights abuses compared to wars fought by human soldiers. They believe technology must be used to prevent unjust human slaughter on the battlefield.
The primary goal for many militaries is to save soldiers' lives by using robots in the line of fire.
A key idea is that, unlike humans, robots could be programmed to not break the rules of war.
Current Status and Technology
The development of LAWS is accelerating, with many countries seeking this technology.
Robots already assist on the battlefield by carrying equipment, dismantling bombs, and providing surveillance.
Newer systems are capable of selecting and engaging targets with little or no human intervention, sometimes only requiring human authorization to fire.
Examples:
The US Navy's Phalanx system (performing its own 'kill assessment'), the UK's crewless jet prototype Taranis, Russia's 'mobile robotic complex' (a crewless tank-like guard vehicle), and South Korea's Super Aegis II gun turret (reportedly able to fire on moving targets without supervision).
Arms manufacturers suggest that technology is no longer the limiting factor; future restrictions on autonomous weapons will be due to policy, not capability.
International Concerns and Rules
The issue is rising on the international agenda, with the United Nations frequently discussing LAWS.
Groups like the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots are strongly opposed.
Nine nations have called for a ban, and many others insist that humans must retain ultimate control.
All weapons, including robots, must comply with existing rules of war, which require:
Weapons must be able to discriminate between civilians and soldiers.
Civilians and civilian property must not be intentionally targeted.
The use of force must be proportional (collateral damage cannot outweigh the military advantage).
Real-World Autonomy
A non-military example, the COTSbot (a robot deployed on Australia's Great Barrier Reef to kill coral-wrecking starfish), demonstrates that the technology for robots to autonomously select and decide to kill targets is already available. This is seen as a test case for accuracy, safety, and autonomy in a less critical environment, proving that advanced autonomous systems are becoming a reality.
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