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In simple words, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an effective tool that enables machines to learn from their experience, adapt to new changes and perform tasks just like humans.
It is an ability to design smart machines or to develop software applications that can self-learn and imitate the traits of the human mind with the help of reasoning, sensory applications, planning, optimal decision making and problem-solving techniques.
The potential of artificial intelligence to perform human actions with the help of knowledge discovery has garnered special attention from research communities and top-class businesses and this field has observed maximum growth in the past two decades as compared to any other technology.
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AI simulates human intelligence by relying on algorithms to understand human goals or methods to achieve those goals.
It establishes a relationship between goal seeking, data processing and acquisition for better understanding of the goal. Taking that into consideration, the following are 4 approaches of AI.
1. Acting humanly- When a computer acts perfectly like a human being, and it is difficult to differentiate between two by using technologies such as natural language processing, automated reasoning, machine learning and automated reasoning. The Turing test, called an imitation game, determines whether a machine can demonstrate human intelligence or not without any physical contact.
2. Thinking humanly – When a computer thinks just as a human and performs tasks usually performed with human intelligence such as driving a car. The method to determine how humans think, cognitive modeling approach is used based on three techniques- Introspection, Psychological testing, and Brain imaging. This category of thinking humanly is also used in psychology and healthcare to create realistic simulations when required.
3. Thinking rationally- The typical study of how human thinks use some standards helping in creating a guideline of human behavior. A person is considered rational (reasonable, sensible, and with a good sense of judgment) and the computer thinks rationally as per the recorded behavior and solves problems logically. In other words, the solving of a specific problem is quite different from solving it in practice and computers take help of that rational thought to perform.
4. Acting Rationally- The study of how humans act in uncertainty or complexity relies completely on rational agents. As with rational thought, actions depend on conditions, environmental factors, and existing data to maximize the expected value of its performance. It normally relies on black-box or engineering approach to successfully accomplish the goal.
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